ἐπεὶ δὲ δυσχεραίνοντας τῇ τριβῇ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους καὶ μάχεσθαι προθυμουμένους ἔργον ἦν κατασχεῖν ὀκτὼ μέρη διελὼν τὸ πᾶν πλῆθος ἀπεκλήρου καὶ τῷ λαβόντι τὸν λευκὸν κύαμον εὐωχεῖσθαι καὶ σχολάζειν παρεῖχε τῶν ἄλλων μαχομένων .

And since it was a hard task for him to restrain the Athenians in their impatience of delay and eagerness to fight he separated his whole force into eight divisions had them draw lots and allowed the division which got the white bean to feast and take their ease while the others did the fighting .

διὸ καί φασι τοὺς ἐν εὐπαθείαις τισὶ γενομένους λευκὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην ἀπὸ τοῦ λευκοῦ κυάμου προσαγορεύειν .

And this is the reason as they say why those who have had a gay and festive time call it a white day from the white bean .

ἔφορος δὲ καὶ μηχαναῖς χρήσασθαι τὸν Περικλέα τὴν καινότητα θαυμάσαντα Ἀρτέμωνος τοῦ μηχανικοῦ παρόντος ὃν χωλὸν ὄντα καὶ φορείῳ πρὸς τὰ κατεπείγοντα τῶν ἔργων προσκομιζόμενον ὀνομασθῆναι περιφόρητον .

Ephorus says that Pericles actually employed siege engines in his admiration of their novelty and that Artemon the engineer was with him there who since he was lame and so had to be brought on a stretcher to the works which demanded his instant attention was dubbed Periphoretus .

τοῦτο μὲν οὖν Ἡρακλείδης ὁ Ποντικὸς ἐλέγχει τοῖς Ἀνακρέοντος ποιήμασιν ἐν οἷς ὁ περιφόρητος Ἀρτέμων ὀνομάζεται πολλαῖς ἔμπροσθεν ἡλικίαις τοῦ περὶ Σάμον πολέμου καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων ἐκείνων ·

Heracleides Ponticus however refutes this story out of the poems of Anacreon in which Artemon Periphoretus is mentioned many generations before the Samian War and its events .

τὸν δ᾽ Ἀρτέμωνά φησι τρυφερόν τινα τῷ βίῳ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς φόβους μαλακὸν ὄντα καὶ καταπλῆγα τὰ πολλὰ μὲν οἴκοι καθέζεσθαι χαλκῆν ἀσπίδα τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ δυεῖν οἰκετῶν ὑπερεχόντων ὥστε μηδὲν ἐμπεσεῖν τῶν ἄνωθεν εἰ δὲ βιασθείη προελθεῖν ἐν κλινιδίῳ κρεμαστῷ παρὰ τὴν γῆν αὐτὴν περιφερόμενον κομίζεσθαι καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κληθῆναι περιφόρητον .

And he says that Artemon was very luxurious in his life as well as weak and panic stricken in the presence of his fears and therefore for the most part sat still at home while two servants held a bronze shield over his head to keep anything from falling down upon it .Whenever he was forced to go abroad he had himself carried in a little hammock which was borne along just above the surface of the ground .On this account he was called Periphoretus .

ἐνάτῳ δὲ μηνὶ τῶν Σαμίων παραστάντων ὁ Περικλῆς τὰ τείχη καθεῖλε καὶ τὰς ναῦς παρέλαβε καὶ χρήμασι πολλοῖς ἐζημίωσεν ὧν τὰ μὲν εὐθὺς ἤνεγκαν οἱ Σάμιοι τὰ δ᾽ ἐν χρόνῳ ῥητῷ ταξάμενοι κατοίσειν ὁμήρους ἔδωκαν .

After eight months the Samians surrendered and Pericles tore down their walls took away their ships of war and laid a heavy fine upon them part of which they paid at once and part they agreed to pay at a fixed time giving hostages therefor .

Δοῦρις δ᾽ ὁ Σάμιος τούτοις ἐπιτραγῳδεῖ πολλὴν ὠμότητα τῶν Ἀθηναίων καὶ τοῦ Περικλέους κατηγορῶν ἣν οὔτε Θουκυδίδης ἱστόρηκεν οὔτ᾽ Ἔφορος οὔτ᾽ Ἀριστοτέλης ·

To these details Duris the Samian adds stuff for tragedy accusing the Athenians and Pericles of great brutality which is recorded neither by Thucydides nor Ephorus nor Aristotle .

ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἀληθεύειν ἔοικεν ὡς ἄρα τοὺς τριηράρχους καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβάτας τῶν Σαμίων εἰς τὴν Μιλησίων ἀγορὰν ἀγαγών καὶ σανίσι προσδήσας ἐφ᾽ ἡμέρας δέκα κακῶς ἤδη διακειμένους προσέταξεν ἀνελεῖν ξύλοις τὰς κεφαλὰς συγκόψαντας εἶτα προβαλεῖν ἀκήδευτα τὰ σώματα .

But he appears not to speak the truth when he says forsooth that Pericles had the Samian trierarchs and marines brought into the market place of Miletus and crucified there and that then when they had already suffered grievously for ten days he gave orders to break their heads in with clubs and make an end of them and then cast their bodies forth without burial rites .

ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἀληθεύειν ἔοικεν ὡς ἄρα τοὺς τριηράρχους καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβάτας τῶν Σαμίων εἰς τὴν Μιλησίων ἀγορὰν ἀγαγών καὶ σανίσι προσδήσας ἐφ᾽ ἡμέρας δέκα κακῶς ἤδη διακειμένους προσέταξεν ἀνελεῖν ξύλοις τὰς κεφαλὰς συγκόψαντας εἶτα προβαλεῖν ἀκήδευτα τὰ σώματα .

But it seems that he does not speak the truth when he describes that he had there and then the Samian trierarchs and marines taken up and carried off and brought to the Milesian market and be bound on timber and were displayed ill already for ten days and then had their heads smashed in with wood and that the bodies then were thrown away unburied .

Δοῦρις μὲν οὖν οὐδ᾽ ὅπου μηδὲν αὐτῷ πρόσεστιν ἴδιον πάθος εἰωθὼς κρατεῖν τὴν διήγησιν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας μᾶλλον ἔοικεν ἐνταῦθα δεινῶσαι τὰς τῆς πατρίδος συμφορὰς ἐπὶ διαβολῇ τῶν Ἀθηναίων .

At all events since it is not the wont of Duris even in cases where he has no private and personal interest to hold his narrative down to the fundamental truth it is all the more likely that here in this instance he has given a dreadful portrayal of the calamities of his country that he might calumniate the Athenians .

ὁ δὲ Περικλῆς καταστρεψάμενος τὴν Σάμον ὡς ἐπανῆλθεν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας ταφάς τε τῶν ἀποθανόντων κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον ἐνδόξους ἐποίησε καὶ τὸν λόγον εἰπών ὥσπερ ἔθος ἐστίν ἐπὶ τῶν σημάτων ἐθαυμαστώθη .

When Pericles after his subjection of Samos had returned to Athens he gave honorable burial to those who had fallen in the war and for the oration which he made according to the custom over their tombs he won the greatest admiration .

καταβαίνοντα δ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ βήματος αἱ μὲν ἄλλαι γυναῖκες ἐδεξιοῦντο καὶ στεφάνοις ἀνέδουν καὶ ταινίαις ὥσπερ ἀθλητὴν νικηφόρον ἡ δ᾽ Ἐλπινίκη προσελθοῦσα πλησίον ·

But as he came down from the bema while the rest of the women clasped his hand and fastened wreaths and fillets on his head as though he were some victorious athlete Elpinice drew nigh and said :

ταῦτ᾽ ἔφη θαυμαστά Περίκλεις καὶ ἄξια στεφάνων ὃς ἡμῖν πολλοὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς ἀπώλεσας πολίτας οὐ Φοίνιξι πολεμῶν οὐδὲ Μήδοις ὥσπερ οὑμὸς ἀδελφὸς Κίμων ἀλλὰ σύμμαχον καὶ συγγενῆ πόλιν καταστρεφόμενος .

This is admirable in thee Pericles and deserving of wreaths in that thou hast lost us many brave citizens not in a war with Phoenicians or Medes like my brother Cimon but in the subversion of an allied and kindred city .

ταῦτα τῆς Ἐλπινίκης λεγούσης ὁ Περικλῆς μειδιάσας ἀτρέμα λέγεται τὸ τοῦ Ἀρχιλόχου πρὸς αὐτὴν εἰπεῖν ·

On Elpinices saying this Pericles with a quiet smile it is said quoted to her the verse of Archilochus :

οὐκ ἂν μύροισι γραῦς ἐοῦσ᾽ ἠλείφεο .

Thou hadst not else in spite of years perfumed thyself .

οὐκ ἂν μύροισι γραῦς ἐοῦσ᾽ ἠλείφεο .

You shall not anoil the skin with sweet oil when you are an old women .

θαυμαστὸν δέ τι καὶ μέγα φρονῆσαι καταπολεμήσαντα τοὺς Σαμίους φησὶν αὐτὸν ὁ Ἴων ὡς τοῦ μὲν Ἀγαμέμνονος ἔτεσι δέκα βάρβαρον πόλιν αὐτοῦ δὲ μησὶν ἐννέα τοὺς πρώτους καὶ δυνατωτάτους Ἰώνων ἑλόντος .

Ion says that he had the most astonishingly great thoughts of himself for having subjected the Samians whereas Agamemnon was all of ten years in taking a barbarian city he had in nine months time reduced the foremost and most powerful people of Ionia .

καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἄδικος ἡ ἀξίωσις ἀλλ᾽ ὄντως πολλὴν ἀδηλότητα καὶ μέγαν ἔσχε κίνδυνον ὁ πόλεμος εἴπερ ὡς Θουκυδίδης φησί παρ᾽ ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε Σαμίων ἡ πόλις ἀφελέσθαι τῆς θαλάττης τὸ κράτος Ἀθηναίους .

And indeed his estimate of himself was not unjust nay the war actually brought with it much uncertainty and great peril if indeed as Thucydides says the city of Samos came within a very little of stripping from Athens her power on the sea .

ὑποδεξάμενος αὖθις τὰ πράγματα καὶ στρατηγὸς αἱρεθεὶς ᾐτήσατο λυθῆναι τὸν περὶ τῶν νόθων νόμον ὃν αὐτὸς εἰσενηνόχει πρότερον ὡς μὴ παντάπασιν ἐρημίᾳ διαδοχῆς τὸν οἶκον ἐκλίποι τοὔνομα καὶ τὸ γένος .

When he had undertaken again the conduct of the state and been elected general he asked for a suspension of the law concerning children born out of wedlock a law which he himself had formerly introduced in order that the name and lineage of his house might not altogether expire through lack of succession .

εἶχε δ᾽ οὕτω τὰ περὶ τὸν νόμον .

The circumstances of this law were as follows .

ὄντος οὖν δεινοῦ τὸν κατὰ τοσούτων ἰσχύσαντα νόμον ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ πάλιν λυθῆναι τοῦ γράψαντος ἡ παροῦσα δυστυχία τῷ Περικλεῖ περὶ τὸν οἶκον ὡς δίκην τινὰ δεδωκότι τῆς ὑπεροψίας καὶ τῆς μεγαλαυχίας ἐκείνης ἐπέκλασε τοὺς Ἀθηναίους καὶ δόξαντες αὐτὸν νεμεσητά τε παθεῖν ἀνθρωπίνως τε δεῖσθαι συνεχώρησαν ἀπογράψασθαι τὸν νόθον εἰς τοὺς φράτορας ὄνομα θέμενον τὸ αὑτοῦ .

It was accordingly a grave matter that the law which had been rigorously enforced against so many should now be suspended by the very man who had introduced it and yet the calamities which Pericles was then suffering in his family life regarded as a kind of penalty which he had paid for the arrogance and for his haughtiness of old broke down the objections of the Athenians .They thought that what he suffered was by way of retribution and that what he asked became a man to ask and men to grant and so they suffered him to enroll his illegitimate son in the phratry lists and to give him his own name .

καὶ τοῦτον μὲν ὕστερον ἐν Ἀργινούσαις καταναυμαχήσαντα Πελοποννησίους ἀπέκτεινεν ὁ δῆμος μετὰ τῶν συστρατήγων .

This was the son who afterwards conquered the Peloponnesians in a naval battle at the Arginusae islands and was put to death by the people along with his fellow generals .

ὑποδεξάμενος αὖθις τὰ πράγματα καὶ στρατηγὸς αἱρεθεὶς ᾐτήσατο λυθῆναι τὸν περὶ τῶν νόθων νόμον ,ὃν αὐτὸς εἰσενηνόχει πρότερον ,ὡς μὴ παντάπασιν ἐρημίᾳ διαδοχῆς τὸν οἶκον ἐκλίποι τοὔνομα καὶ τὸ γένος .εἶχε δ᾽ οὕτω τὰ περὶ τὸν νόμον .ὄντος οὖν δεινοῦ τὸν κατὰ τοσούτων ἰσχύσαντα νόμον ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ πάλιν λυθῆναι τοῦ γράψαντος ,ἡ παροῦσα δυστυχία τῷ Περικλεῖ περὶ τὸν οἶκον ,ὡς δίκην τινὰ δεδωκότι τῆς ὑπεροψίας καὶ τῆς μεγαλαυχίας ἐκείνης ,ἐπέκλασε τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ,καὶ δόξαντες αὐτὸν νεμεσητά τε παθεῖν ἀνθρωπίνως τε δεῖσθαι συνεχώρησαν ἀπογράψασθαι τὸν νόθον εἰς τοὺς φράτορας ,ὄνομα θέμενον τὸ αὑτοῦ .καὶ τοῦτον μὲν ὕστερον ἐν Ἀργινούσαις καταναυμαχήσαντα Πελοποννησίους ἀπέκτεινεν ὁ δῆμος μετὰ τῶν συστρατήγων .

He asked ,after he had taken charge of the politics again and after he was chosen as general ,that the law concerning bastards was undone ,that has been introduced by him before ,so that the house and the name and the kin would not perish completely in absence of an descendant .And that around the law bore as follows : Then the misfortune ,that was near the house of Pericles ,as he gave some right to the disdain and his arrogance ,bend the Athenians ,since he was clever ,the law ,that had influence on many ,was undone again by him the writer and they forgave him ,since they thought ,that he was affected by causing wrath that he lacked human behaviour and that he had registered his bastard into the citizenlist since he put the name ,that is his own ,in .The people indeed later killed him together with the cogeneral ,after the Peloponnesians beat him at sea at the Arginusean islands .

Ὁ περιφόρητος Ἀρτέμων ·

The portable Artemon :

ἐπὶ τῶν πάνυ ποθουμένων .

On the one who is very anxious .

Φασὶ γὰρ ὅτι νεανίσκος ὁ Ἀρτέμων ἐγένετο περιμάχητος γυναιξίν ·

Since some say that the young Artemon became fought for by women :

ἄλλοι δὲ ὅτι μηχανοποιὸς ἐγένετο σοφώτατος κατὰ τοὺς Περικλέους χρόνους ·

And others say that the machinist became wise during the time of Pericles :

χωλὸς δὲ ὢν περιεφέρετο ἔπὶ τῷ ὁρᾶν τὰς μηχανάς .

And since he was lame he was carried around for that when he observed the machines .

Σαμίων ὁ δῆμος ἐστὶν ὡς πολυγράμματος ·

The Samian folk is as marked with many letters :

Ἀριστοφάνης Βαβυλωνίοις ἐπισκώπτων τοὺς ἐστιγμένους οἱ δὲ ὅτι Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν τοὺς ληφθέντας ἐν πολέμω Σαμίους ἔστιζον γλαυκὶ Σάμιοι δὲ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους τῇ σαμαίνῃ ὅ ἐστι πλοῖον δίκροτον ὑπὸ Πολυκράτους πρῶτον παρασκευασθὲν τοῦ Σαμίων τυράννου ὡς Λυσίμαχος ἐν βʹ Νοστῶν ·

And Aristophanes in the Babyloneans makes fun of the branded since the Athenians branded those of the Samians that were taken prisoner in the war with an owl and the Samians branded the Athenians the Samaina that is a ship with two banks of oars manned that was first produced by Polycrates the Samian tyrant as Lysimachos says in the second book of the Nostoi :